HRIC New York Office: 110 Wall Street, New York, NY 10005, United States The China Constitution of 1982 is flexible. PREAMBLE . 2004) Page 3 • Motives for writing constitution Preamble • Preferred political parties • Preamble • Reference to country's history China is one of the countries with the longest histories in the world. China (People’s Republic of) 1982 (rev. In 1978 the NPC enacted a third Constitution, which was replaced by the current Constitution enacted by the fifth session of the fifth NPC in 1982. 14, 2004), Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo Falü Fagui Huibian: Xianfa Juan [Laws and Regulations of the People’s Republic of China (PRC Laws and Regulations): Constitutional Law] 1–35. China is one of the countries with the longest histories in the world. The 1982 Constitution was enacted and enforced both to bring order out of chaos for China and to provide a constitutional structure for the policy of Reform and Opening-up. Adopted on December 4, 1982. W hether in terms of the main text or in terms of the amendments, the 1982 Constitution is a reflection of the layering of history. The State Council and its Standing Committee, by contrast, are made responsible for executing rather than enacting the laws. The people of all nationalities in China have jointly created a splendid culture and have a glorious revolutionary tradition. This article aims to historically explore the political and ideological structure of the 1982 Constitution, both of which are multiple and can, therefore, be examined from various angles. 宪法 [Constitution] art. Of course, every constitution can be considered as a product of history, since none of them can truly be considered a ‘genesis’. China - China - Constitutional framework: The fourth constitution of the People’s Republic of China was adopted in 1982. Article-64 of the constitution declares, “Amendments to the constitution are to be propose by the standing committee of National People Congress (NPC) and by more than I/5 th of the deputies to the NPC and adopted the majority vote of more than 2/3 rd of all deputies to the Congress”. Since the founding of the new China 1949, four Constitutions have been issued - in 1954, 1975, 1978 and 1982. Feudal China was gradually reduced after 1840 to a semi-colonial and semi-feudal country. 46, § 2 (1982, as amended Mar. Preface: The Constitution of the People’s Republic of China (China’s Constitution of 1982) was adopted by the Fifth Session of the Fifth National People’s Congress, Beijing, China, 4 Dec., 1982. It vests all national legislative power in the hands of the National People’s Congress and its Standing Committee. 2 The 1982 Constitution is essentially a Dengist constitution, reflecting Deng Xiaoping’s ideas for modernising China, i.e., social stability, economic development and opening to the outside. The 1982 Constitution was amended by each NPC from the seventh to tenth, respectively, in 1988, 1993, 1999, and 2004.